How to select the corresponding model of ripper for excavators of different tonnages

When selecting the appropriate model of ripper for excavators of different tonnages, the following aspects need to be considered: 

1. Types of Rippers  
- Single-tooth Ripper:  
  Features high power, efficiency, and strong penetration capability. It is commonly used for loosening rocks, suitable for excavators with large digging force and heavy tonnage, as well as harsh working conditions with hard soil, such as mining operations.  
- Double-tooth Ripper:  
  Slightly less powerful than the single-tooth type but has a larger working range. It is often used to loosen crushed stones or relatively hard soil, suitable for medium-hard soil and scenarios requiring a wider working range.  
- Multi-tooth Ripper (Rake Bucket):  
  Offers a large working range but has lower resistance and penetration force. It is mainly used for loosening soft soil or sand, generally suitable for small-tonnage excavators operating in relatively soft soil.  

2. Excavator Work Capacity  
- Digging Force:  
  Heavy-tonnage excavators typically have greater digging force and should be matched with rippers that can withstand and fully utilize this force to ensure loosening efficiency. For example, 20-30-ton excavators can use single-tooth or double-tooth rippers, whose structural strength and performance match the excavator's digging force, enabling effective operation in hard soil or sub-hard rock conditions.  
- Arm Length and Strength:  
  Excavators with longer arms can reach a wider working range when using rippers but require rippers with compatible structural strength to avoid damage due to long lever arms. Additionally, heavy-tonnage excavators usually have thicker and stronger arms, suitable for heavier-duty rippers.  

3. Specific Parameter Matching  
- Pin Shaft Diameter:  
  The pin shaft diameter at the excavator's arm tip is a critical reference. Generally:  
  - A pin diameter of 80 mm is suitable for rippers matching ~20-ton excavators.  
  - A diameter of 90–100 mm matches ~30-ton excavators.  
  - A diameter of 100–110 mm is for ~35-ton excavators.  
- Center Distance:  
  The center distance between the ripper’s ear plates must match the connection dimensions of the excavator’s arm to ensure secure installation and normal operation. Different tonnage excavators have varying center distances at the arm connection, requiring model-specific selection.  
- Weight:  
  Heavy-tonnage excavators can bear heavier rippers, while small-tonnage models need relatively lighter ones to avoid affecting overall performance and maneuverability. For example:  
  - 3–5-ton mini excavators should use lightweight, compact rippers (typically ~60 kg).  
  - 20-ton+ large excavators can accommodate heavier rippers to meet work requirements.  

4. Additional Considerations  
- Quality Factors:  
  Evaluate the ripper’s manufacturing materials, welding processes, and other quality-related aspects, as well as the reputation of different brands and manufacturers.  
- Brands and After-Sales Service:  
  Prioritize regular ripper brands with intellectual property rights to ensure product quality and after-sales support.  

This translation maintains technical accuracy while adapting terminology for clarity in English mechanical engineering contexts.