The working principle of a hydraulic breaker is based on the coordinated action of the hydraulic drive system and its internal mechanical structure

Ⅰ. Hydraulic Drive Part

1. Power Transmission

● Generally, the hydraulic breaker is powered by the hydraulic system of construction machinery such as excavators. The hydraulic pump draws hydraulic oil from the hydraulic oil tank and transmits the pressurized hydraulic oil to the hydraulic motor or cylinder of the hydraulic breaker through high-pressure oil pipes.

● Taking a hydraulic breaker driven by a hydraulic motor as an example, the hydraulic oil pushes the hydraulic motor to rotate, thereby driving other moving parts of the hydraulic breaker to work. In the case of a hydraulic breaker driven by a cylinder, when the hydraulic oil enters the cylinder, it causes the piston to reciprocate.

2. Pressure Regulation

● To adapt to different working conditions, such as breaking rocks or concrete with different hardness levels, the hydraulic system is usually equipped with a pressure regulating device. Operators can adjust the oil pressure output by the hydraulic system to the hydraulic breaker according to the actual situation through the control device in the cab of the excavator. When it is necessary to break harder objects, the oil pressure can be appropriately increased to obtain a greater impact force.

Ⅱ. Mechanical Working Part

1. Impact Generation

● For piston-type hydraulic breakers, the piston inside is driven by the hydraulic oil to move back and forth at a high speed within the cylinder. When the piston moves forward, the striking energy on the piston head is transmitted to the drill rod. The drill rod is the component that directly contacts the object to be broken, and it generates a huge striking force under the impact of the piston.

● The frequency of this striking force is usually high, generally reaching several hundred or even thousands of times per minute. For example, the striking frequency of some small hydraulic breakers may be 300 - 500 times per minute, and that of large hydraulic breakers may be 600 - 1200 times per minute. High-frequency strikes can quickly cause cracks and break the object to be broken.

2. Energy Transmission and Breaking Process

● The striking force transmitted by the drill rod acts on the object to be broken, such as rocks or concrete. When the striking force exceeds the compressive strength of the object to be broken, the internal structure of the object will be destroyed, and cracks will be generated. With subsequent strikes, the cracks will continue to expand and extend, and finally, the object will be broken into smaller pieces.

● The size of the broken material can be controlled by adjusting factors such as the striking force, striking frequency, and the shape and size of the drill rod. For example, a sharper drill rod may be more likely to penetrate the object and produce a breaking effect, while a duller drill rod may be more suitable for further breaking an object that already has cracks.

The hydraulic breaker generates a high-frequency striking force by driving the piston through the hydraulic system, and then the drill rod transmits this force to the object to be broken, thereby achieving the purpose of the breaking operation.