What is the working principle of a hydraulic breaker

The hydraulic breaker, also known as a breaker or hydraulic hammer, is an attachment mounted on heavy machinery such as excavators and cranes, used for breaking concrete, rocks, and other hard materials. Here is the basic working principle of a hydraulic breaker:

1. Hydraulic System: The hydraulic breaker operates by connecting to the hydraulic system of an excavator or other heavy machinery. Hydraulic oil flows from the pump of the excavator through pipes to the breaker.

2. Piston and Cylinder: Inside the breaker, there is a piston and a cylinder. The piston moves within the cylinder, and the pressure of the hydraulic oil pushes the piston back and forth.

3. Impact Motion: When hydraulic oil enters the rear chamber of the breaker, it pushes the piston forward, thereby driving the chisel (also known as the impact head or tool head) to strike forward. The rapid reciprocating motion of the piston generates tremendous impact force.

4. Chisel and Tool Head: The chisel is connected to the piston, and the tool head comes into contact with the material to be broken. The shape and size of the tool head vary depending on the type of material being broken.

5. Energy Conversion: Hydraulic energy is converted into mechanical energy through the rapid movement of the piston, which is then transmitted to the tool head as impact force to break the target material.

6. Cyclic Process: Hydraulic oil flows back to the excavator's fuel tank and is then pumped back to the breaker, forming a continuous cycle.

7. Control: The operator can control the frequency and force of the breaker's impact by using the control levers of the excavator, adapting to different working conditions.

The design and operation of the hydraulic breaker must consider efficiency, durability, and the impact on the excavator to ensure effective breaking capabilities in various engineering applications.